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Lenacapavir: The $40 Breakthrough Drug Changing the Fight Against HIV

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Lenacapavir is being described as one of the most promising tools in the fight against HIV. Known by brand names such as Yeztugo (for prevention) and Sunlenca (for treatment), it belongs to a new class of HIV drugs called capsid inhibitors. Unlike current daily pills, lenacapavir is adminsited as an injection only twice a year. For South Africa, where HIV continues to affect millions, this development could be transformative.

Why Lenacapavir Matters

The HIV capsid is the protective shell around the virus. Lenacapavir works by blocking this shell’s ability to function properly at different stages of the virus’s life cycle. Because targets multiple stages of the virus’s life cycle, it remains effective against HIV strains resistant to other medicines.

Globally, lenacapavir has already been approved for people with multidrug-resistant HIV-1, but it has the potential to be better than pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In July 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended lenacapavir as a new HIV prevention option.

Clinical Results Show Positive Results 

Trials have shown extraordinary results. In one test, cisgender women who received lenacapavir had zero new HIV infections. In another trial, involving cisgender men, transgender, and gender-diverse participants, infection rates dropped by about 96% compared to background levels.

Across both trials, over 99.9 % of participants receiving lenacapavir stayed HIV negative. A large comparison also confirmed that the injection was more effective than the daily pill Truvada.

Read Also : Surprising Connection Between Viagra and Increasing Divorce Rate

South Africa’s HIV Challenge

About 7.8 million South Africans, roughly 12.7 % of the population live with HIV. Each year, more than 200,000 new infections are recorded, with young women and girls leading the way.

Daily PrEP pills come with challenges such as stigma, long clinic visits, and costs. A twice-yearly injection could remove these problems.

When Will It Arrive ?

The  government has signaled interest in rolling out lenacapavir at more than 300 public clinics between 2026 and 2028, especially in high-burden districts. Before that, it needs approval from SAHPRA (South African Health Products Regulatory Authority) and inclusion on the Essential Medicines List, which allows public procurement.

Funding is also a factor. The Global Fund has already budgeted around R513 million to help South Africa secure supplies, even before generics hit the market.

The $40 Breakthrough

In the United States, branded lenacapavir can cost up to USD 28,000 per year, which is expensive for many people. But in September 2025, a global deal was struck that will allow lenacapavir to be available for just USD 40 (about R730) per year across low and middle-income countries, starting in 2027.

This price is lower than what South Africa currently spends on daily PrEP pills, which cost about R629 per person annually . If the country is included in the deal, the cost barrier that has long slowed new HIV technologies could finally be overcome.

Challenges Ahead

Many are looking towards  SAHPRA and other policy bodies to give the greenlight for its use. Clinics will need to adapt by managing injections and tracking patients. Communities need to be educated about the injection and its benefits.

The Bottom Line

Lenacapavir offers a opportunity to reshape the global fight against HIV. With near-100% protection in trials and a plan to bring the price to $40 per year, this is a welcome development.

As HIV continues to affect millions of lives, lenacapavir could become the tool that turns the tide. The next few years are crucial as this breakthrough is expected to change millions of lives.

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5 Things to Know About Myomectom

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Uterine fibroids is a common growth among women. While some women experience no symptoms, others witness heavy various fertility problems. Myomectomy is an option used to treat troublesome fibroids. Here are things to know about the procedure.

1. Myomectomy Removes Fibroids 

A myomectomy is a procedure that removes fibroids from the uterus. It differs from hysterectomy, which removes the uterus. 

This makes it an option for women who want to have children. However, whether surgery is needed depends on the size, number and location of the fibroids. 

2. There Are Different Types of Myomectomy

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The procedure can be performed in different ways. An abdominal myomectomy involves making a larger incision in the abdomen when fibroids are large. 

With laparoscopic myomectomy, small abdominal incisions are made. Robotic surgery is another approach where medical robots are controlled by the surgeon.

There is also hysteroscopic myomectomy. In this procedure, instruments are passed through the vagina and cervix to remove fibroids. 

Read Also: Living with PCOS? Here’s What Every Woman Should Know

3. It Relieves Fibroid Symptoms

Myomectomy improves symptoms caused by fibroids. Some of which are menstrual bleeding and abdominal pain. Heavy menstrual bleeding may cause anemia because of blood loss. Treating the fibroids addresses the source of these symptoms. However, not every woman with fibroids requires surgery. 

4. Fertility Can Be Preserved

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In some women, removing fibroids that interfere with fertility may improve pregnancy chances. However, surgery can also cause internal scar tissue, and pregnancy. Some women are advised to have a caesarean birth depending on how deeply the uterus was cut. 

5. Fibroids Can Develop Again

Removing fibroids does not mean they won’t reappear. Fibroids not completely removed may cause problems later.

Like other surgeries, myomectomy has risks. Some of which are infection, scar formation and complications related to the surgical approach. Recovery also varies depending on the woman. 

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The Reality of Postpartum Depression

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The arrival of a baby is often presented as one of the happiest moments in a woman’s life. But for some mothers, the period after childbirth can bring persistent sadness, anxiety, exhaustion and emotional distress that goes far beyond the usual challenges of adjusting to a newborn.

Postpartum depression is a serious mental health condition that can develop after childbirth. It is not a sign that a mother does not love her baby, nor does it mean she is failing at motherhood. The World Health Organization estimates that about 13% of women who have recently given birth experience a mental health disorder, primarily depression. In developing countries, the figure is estimated at almost 20%.

More than the baby blues

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The first weeks with a newborn can be difficult. Sleep is often disrupted, routines change and a new mother may find herself crying or feeling overwhelmed. These experiences can form part of the so-called “baby blues”, which usually settle within about two weeks.

Postpartum depression is different. Symptoms can last longer and interfere with a woman’s ability to manage everyday life. They may include persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, severe anxiety, changes in appetite or sleep, difficulty concentrating, intense guilt, feelings of worthlessness and withdrawing from family or friends.

Some women may struggle to bond with their baby or feel frightened by intrusive thoughts. Thoughts of suicide or harming the baby require immediate professional help.

You cannot always see it

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Postpartum depression does not necessarily look like a mother who cannot get out of bed.

A woman may continue breastfeeding, prepare meals, attend medical appointments and care for her baby while privately struggling. She may even appear cheerful to relatives and friends while feeling emotionally disconnected or overwhelmed when she is alone.

This can make the condition harder to identify. A new mother may also dismiss her symptoms as tiredness or believe she simply needs to cope better.

That is why conversations about maternal mental health need to go beyond whether a mother and baby are physically healthy after delivery.

Support matters

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The pressure surrounding motherhood can make asking for help difficult. Women may worry about being judged, criticised or labelled as ungrateful when they admit that they are struggling.

Practical support can make a difference, whether that means helping with meals, household responsibilities, childcare or simply giving a mother an opportunity to rest and speak honestly about how she is feeling. But support from family should not replace professional care when depression is present.

Postpartum depression is treatable. Depending on the individual’s needs, treatment may include psychotherapy, medication, support groups or a combination of these. A healthcare professional can also discuss appropriate treatment options with mothers who are breastfeeding.

Partners should not be overlooked either. Fathers and other parents can also experience depression and anxiety following the birth of a child.

Knowing when it is an emergency

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Postpartum depression should also be distinguished from postpartum psychosis, a rare but serious condition that can involve hallucinations, delusions, severe confusion or paranoia. It is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.

For everyone else, the message is simpler: a mother does not have to wait until she is completely overwhelmed before seeking help.

Having a baby can be a major life change, but struggling emotionally does not make a woman a bad mother. Recognising the problem early, speaking to a healthcare professional and accepting support can be an important part of recovery.

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Apple Cider Vinegar: From Health and Skin to Everyday Uses

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Apple cider vinegar is no longer used only in cooking. It is now found in skincare routines, wellness drinks, hair care products and household cleaning cupboards. Its widespread use has also fuelled countless health claims, making it difficult to separate proven benefits from popular myths.

Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is made by fermenting crushed apples. During fermentation, the natural sugars are converted into alcohol and then into acetic acid, the compound responsible for its sharp taste and many of its studied effects. Unfiltered versions also contain a cloudy substance known as “the mother”, but most research focuses on the vinegar’s acetic acid rather than the mother itself.

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Research has mainly focused on ACV’s effect on blood sugar after meals. Some studies suggest that drinking diluted apple cider vinegar with a meal may help reduce the rise in blood glucose after eating carbohydrates. Researchers believe acetic acid may slow stomach emptying and improve the body’s response to insulin. While these findings are encouraging, ACV is not a treatment for diabetes, and anyone taking blood sugar lowering medication should speak to a healthcare professional before using it regularly.

Many people also use apple cider vinegar to support weight management. Some research suggests it may increase feelings of fullness, which could reduce calorie intake, but the effect is modest. It should be viewed as one part of a balanced lifestyle, not a shortcut to losing weight.

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Skincare is another area where apple cider vinegar attracts attention. Because it is acidic and has mild antimicrobial properties, some people use it as a toner or spot treatment. However, dermatologists warn against applying undiluted apple cider vinegar directly to the skin. It can cause irritation and, in some cases, chemical burns. If used at all, it should be well diluted and patch tested first. People with eczema, rosacea or sensitive skin should be especially cautious.

Apple cider vinegar has also become a popular hair rinse. A diluted rinse may help remove product build up and leave hair looking smoother. However, it cannot repair damaged hair, prevent hair loss or change hair texture. Using it too often may dry out the hair and irritate the scalp, so occasional use is generally enough.

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Its usefulness extends beyond personal care. Apple cider vinegar adds flavour to salad dressings and marinades, helps neutralise some household odours and can be used to clean certain non stone surfaces. It should not be used on marble, granite or other natural stone because the acid can damage these materials.

Despite its popularity, there are common mistakes to avoid. Drinking undiluted apple cider vinegar can erode tooth enamel and irritate the throat and oesophagus. Taking large amounts may also cause digestive discomfort and contribute to low potassium levels in some people. Using a straw and rinsing the mouth with water afterwards may help reduce contact with teeth.

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For most healthy adults, experts generally recommend limiting intake to one or two tablespoons diluted in a large glass of water, preferably with a meal. People with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, stomach ulcers, severe acid reflux or those taking insulin, diuretics or certain heart medications should seek medical advice before making it a regular part of their routine.

Apple cider vinegar has both proven uses and clear limitations. Current research supports modest blood sugar benefits, while evidence for many other claims remains limited. Used sensibly, it can be a useful kitchen ingredient with a few evidence backed health applications and practical household uses. It should not be seen as a cure all, but it can still earn a place in everyday life when used safely.

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